Health and safety aspects of ground treatment

This publication identifies methods and materials used for ground treatment in mining and civil engineering. It provides a guide to the potential hazards to people and the environment for professional engineers and clients. Materials are used to modify ground properties, usually by injection of fluids into the ground, and 150 commercially used chemicals are identified. Those requiring special attention because of toxicological, flammable or explosive properties are highlighted and 25 in common use are described in detail. Hazards in the use of materials in rock bolting and ground freezing are briefly reviewed and guidance on personal protection is give.